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<div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span><span style="mso-tab-count:1"> </span>Debrecen/Budapest
& Lund, 17<sup>th</sup> October 2008<o:p></o:p></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Comments of ESS-Hungary and ESS-Scandinavia<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US">In a press release of 26th September 2008 the ESS
Bilbao team launched a Call to prepare “a modernized baseline for the coming
European Spallation Source”. We are convinced that this call was launched with good
intentions, however, we must point out that it is neither timely, nor does it
represent a proper use of resources at this stage. Our carefully considered
position is that there is no need for the additional site independent study on
ESS proposed by this Call. Actually the approved schedule of the ongoing EU FP7
ESS Preparatory Phase project contains all necessary site independent work and
has been carefully elaborated in consensus between the coordinator PSI/ENSA,
the teams of the 3 ESS site candidates, including Bilbao, and 7 leading
European research institutions interested in ESS. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Indeed, recent developments in accelerator design at
various laboratories around the world strongly confirm the enduring validity of
the basic design choices made by the ESS project team up to <span style="color:black">2003.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>The
outstanding work of this team paved the way for SNS at Oak Ridge to decide to
switch to superconducting technology after their project started, and it is
vindicated by the convincing success of the SNS linac. In particular the ESS
reference design consists of</span> “mostly superconducting cavities”,
currently for 70 % of the acceleration of the protons. The option for 86 % has
been considered in the original ESS study and the option for more than 90 % at
Los Alamos in the framework of the preparation of the LANSCE refurbishing
proposal in 2005. These in-depth evaluations have shown that the decisive
advantages of superconducting linacs primarily include the reduction of the
induced radioactivity in the accelerating structures. They offer no essential
savings in construction and purely operational costs. By going to nearly fully
superconducting acceleration, instead of 70%, the additional saving in energy
consumption would also be marginal (e.g. 1 MW extra power would be needed for
refrigeration), while the total length of the accelerator would indeed be
reduced by about an extra 100 m. In itself, however, this is a real advantage
only if available space is constrained (which is not the case for Debrecen and
Lund). Thus the site independent work suggested in the ESS Bilbao Call has
already been basically accomplished. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US">By contrast, what remains to be done is a detailed,
site specific technical update and optimization of the ESS reference design in
view of the latest developments and experience gained world wide (such as
superconducting cavity systems with higher acceleration capability per meter
length) and benefit potentials of co-ordination with current accelerator
projects.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes"> </span>This update will:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US">a) amount to an effort of about 30 M€ and is a process
envisaged by all sites to be completed before construction starts<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US">b) be performed by the best Pan-European team of
experts and will result in the same optimal use of latest state-of-the-art
technology whichever site will be selected<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US">c) provide the additional technical input required to
refine the precision of the project costing.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Such an effort would require a siting decision for
ESS: site specific boundary conditions (such as sloping or flat terrain, ground
water conditions,…) and funding time lines should be known in order to achieve
optimum efficiency. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:
justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Palatino;
mso-ansi-language:EN-US">László Rosta, o<span style="mso-tab-count:1">n behalf of <span style="mso-tab-count:1"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="white-space: normal; ">the ESS Hungary Team<span style="mso-tab-count:1"><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>, and </span>Colin
Carlile, on behalf
of the ESS
Scandinavia Team</span></span></span></span></span></p>
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