<html><head></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><br></font></div><div><blockquote type="cite"><font size="4"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 11pt; "><hr align="CENTER" size="3" width="95%"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><img id="a58b0af6-a5d3-4330-8643-db29df065195" height="105" width="800" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" src="cid:3381819755_6033565"><br></font><hr align="CENTER" size="3" width="95%"></span></font></font><font face="Arial"><font size="5"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><br></font></b></span></font><font size="4"><span style="font-size: 11pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><br></font></span></font><font size="5"><span style="font-size: 13.5pt; "><b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><br></font></b></span></font><font size="4"><span style="font-size: 11pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><br>Colleagues,<br> <br>The proton radiography facility is one of LANSCE’s unique capabilities. This month we will feature a science highlight related to materials behavior under extremes utilizing the Proton Radiography Facility<br></font><hr align="CENTER" size="3" width="100%"><b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001">Proton Radiography studies the strength of materials</font></b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"> </font><b><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001">at very high strain-rates<br></font></b></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><br></font></span></font></font><font size="4"><font face="Times, Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001">A series of proton radiographs showing the evolution of instability in two copper samples manufactured with different processing techniques. The data are multiple frames from a single event taken at 1 microsecond intervals using proton radiography at LANSCE<br></font></span></font></font><font size="2"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 8pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><br></font></span></font></font><font face="Arial"><font size="4"><span style="font-size: 11pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><br></font><hr align="CENTER" size="3" width="95%"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><img id="4d2e7dbb-5265-4fb9-93c4-e5e1cdad9351" height="230" width="722" apple-width="yes" apple-height="yes" src="cid:3381819755_6031686"><br></font><hr align="CENTER" size="3" width="95%"><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><br><br></font></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><br></font></span></font></font><font size="4"><font face="Times, Times New Roman"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001">Proton radiography provides an ideal probe to diagnose dynamic materials under extreme pressures, strains, and strain rates. The depicted experimental series, utilizes a flat metal plate with perturbations of known wavelength and amplitude machined into one side of the plate. The detonation products from high explosives (HE) rapidly accelerate the sample, generating shock-free, planar loading on the perturbed side of the plate. This sinusoid acts as a seed for the onset of Raleigh-Taylor (RT) instability growth as the sample accelerates. The perturbation growth rate is directly related to the dynamic yield strength of the metal. The growth of the RT fingers depends sensitively on the initial conditions of the material, which vary with processing. Thus, the slower-growing fingers in the pre-strained (stronger) sample reveal that it resists high strain-rate deformation more than the annealed (softer) sample. The amplitude of the RT unstable perturbations are measured from radiographs aqcuired as a function of time. These experiments provide data to validate the calculations that model such behaviors under extreme conditions. This technique has been used to investigate the high strain-rate strength of different metals manufactured under various processing techniques.<br></font></span></font></font><font size="5"><font face="Arial"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; "><font class="Apple-style-span" color="#010001"><br></font></span></font></font><font face="Arial"><font size="4"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; "><br></span></font></font></blockquote></div></body></html>