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James Chadwick (left) with Major General Leslie R. Groves, Jr., the director of the Manhattan Project. James Chadwick (left) with Major General Leslie R. Groves, Jr., the director of the Manhattan Project. By LANL, c. 1945

References

A number of authors have compiled important information on neutron scattering and its history, so that we can keep track of the main events and discoveries.

Here you can find references to articles and books on the history of neutron scattering as well as neutron sources, and a list of the first conferences. By clicking on the title, you can read further information on the reference and find your way to the original publication.

When looking through the history articles please be aware that we have to respect copyright laws. If the article in question appeared only in a Journal, rather than on the web and a Journal, then we are not allowed by copyright laws to publish the full article on our website. Hence this page on “references”. This includes, of course, books.

Are you aware of missing articles, books, or conferences to complete this list? Please contact us at info@neutronsources.org.

Asia

Living with Nuclei: 50 Years in the Nuclear Age

Living with Nuclei: 50 Years in the Nuclear Age

Living with Nuclei: 50 Years in the Nuclear Age

Living with Nuclei: 50 Years in the Nuclear Age – Memoirs of a Japanese Physicist

Dr. Kimura was one of the founders of accelerator science in Japan. His memoirs also reflect the disillusions of a physicist who witnessed first-hand the destructive ends humans chose to produce with his beloved science.

M. Kimura and J.M. Carpenter, Sasaki Pub, Sendai, Japan (1993).

Neutrons in Japan

Neutrons in Japan

Neutrons in Japan

Takada, H.; Haga, K.; Teshigawara, M.; Aso, T.; Meigo, S.-I.; Kogawa, H.; Naoe, T.; Wakui, T.; Ooi, M.; Harada, M.; Futakawa, M.

Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility at J-PARC

I: Pulsed Spallation Neutron Source.

Quantum Beam Sci. 2017, 1(2), 8;
https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs1020008..
https://www.mdpi.com/2412-382X/1/2/8

Nakajima, K.; Kawakita, Y.; Itoh, S.; Abe, J.; Aizawa, K.; Aoki, H.; Endo, H.; Fujita, M.; Funakoshi, K.; Gong, W.; Harada, M.; Harjo, S.; Hattori, T.; Hino, M.; Honda, T.; Hoshikawa, A.; Ikeda, K.; Ino, T.; Ishigaki, T.; Ishikawa, Y.; Iwase, H.; Kai, T.; Kajimoto, R.; Kamiyama, T.; Kaneko, N.; Kawana, D.; Ohira-Kawamura, S.; Kawasaki, T.; Kimura, A.; Kiyanagi, R.; Kojima, K.; Kusaka, K.; Lee, S.; Machida, S.; Masuda, T.; Mishima, K.; Mitamura, K.; Nakamura, M.; Nakamura, S.; Nakao, A.; Oda, T.; Ohhara, T.; Ohishi, K.; Ohshita, H.; Oikawa, K.; Otomo, T.; Sano-Furukawa, A.; Shibata, K.; Shinohara, T.; Soyama, K.; Suzuki, J.-I.; Suzuya, K.; Takahara, A.; Takata, S.-I.; Takeda, M.; Toh, Y.; Torii, S.; Torikai, N.; Yamada, N.L.; Yamada, T.; Yamazaki, D.; Yokoo, T.; Yonemura, M.; Yoshizawa, H.

Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility at J-PARC

II: Neutron Scattering Instruments.

Quantum Beam Sci. 2017, 1(3), 9;
https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs1030009..
https://www.mdpi.com/2412-382X/1/3/9

Sakasai, K.; Satoh, S.; Seya, T.; Nakamura, T.; Toh, K.; Yamagishi, H.; Soyama, K.; Yamazaki, D.; Maruyama, R.; Oku, T.; Ino, T.; Kira, H.; Hayashida, H.; Sakai, K.; Itoh, S.; Suzuya, K.; Kambara, W.; Kajimoto, R.; Nakajima, K.; Shibata, K.; Nakamura, M.; Otomo, T.; Nakatani, T.; Inamura, Y.; Suzuki, J.; Ito, T.; Okazaki, N.; Moriyama, K.; Aizawa, K.; Ohira-Kawamura, S.; Watanabe, M.

Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility at J-PARC

III: Neutron Devices and Computational and Sample Environments.

Quantum Beam Sci. 2017, 1(2), 10;
https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs1020010..
https://www.mdpi.com/2412-382X/1/2/10

Europe

Mélusine, Grenoble - 2014: Hommage à Mélusine

Mélusine, Grenoble - 2014: Hommage à Mélusine

Mélusine, Grenoble - 2014: Hommage à Mélusine

Hommage à Mélusine

Rédigé par A. Filhol sur la base de documents fournis par Edouard Roudaut (2014)

Picture: Melusine. Mise en place du bidon de 300L de D2O sur la grille du coeur.

Siloé, Grenoble - 2013: Hommage à Siloé

Siloé, Grenoble - 2013: Hommage à Siloé

Siloé, Grenoble - 2013: Hommage à Siloé

Le réacteur de recherche Siloé

A. Filhol avec les témoignages de Louis-Pierre Regnault, Edouard Roudaut, Jacques Schweizer et Francis Tasset.

Picture: Vue d’ensemble de Siloé (1963/64), CEA/E. Roudaut, Ref. 3.

Geschichte des SIN - History of the SIN

Geschichte des SIN - History of the SIN

Geschichte des SIN - History of the SIN

Geschichte des SIN

Andreas Pritzker, Geschichte des SIN, munda Verlag, Küttigen, 2013, ISBN 978-3-905993-10-3

Picture: Book cover.

HZB - Chronik des Hahn-Meitner-Instituts in Berlin

HZB - Chronik des Hahn-Meitner-Instituts in Berlin

HZB - Chronik des Hahn-Meitner-Instituts in Berlin

Chronik des Hahn-Meitner-Instituts in Berlin

Sven Tode, Verlag Hanseatischer Merkur, ISBN 3-922857-31-0 (2005).

Das Hahn-Meitner-Institut (heute Teil des Helmholtz-Zentrums Berlin für Materialien und Energie) entstand 1959 zur Zeit des Kalten Krieges auf Initiative einer Gruppe von Berliner Hochschullehrern als Institut für Kernforschung im Westteil der Stadt. Im Geist der Namenspatrone Otto Hahn und Lise Meitner war das Institut vor allem durch die Zusammenarbeit von Spitzenforschern verschiedener Disziplinen geprägt.

Link to the book on the German Amazon.

History of neutrons at ILL

History of neutrons at ILL

History of neutrons at ILL
Historical Documentary: ISIS neutron and muon source

Historical Documentary: ISIS neutron and muon source

Historical Documentary: ISIS neutron and muon source

Historical Documentary: ISIS neutron and muon source

This film shows the early construction at the ISIS facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL), in the UK. The film was made in the summer of 1985, in preparation for the official opening in October 1985 of the facility by Margaret Thatcher, the then Prime Minister. At this event the name of the source was changed from “Spallation Neutron Source” (SNS) to ISIS. The name ISIS is not an acronym: it refers to the Ancient Egyptian goddess and the local name for the River Thames.

The source delivered its first neutrons on 16-Dec-1984.

The speaker at the beginning of the video is J. Bruce Forsyth, an expert on polarized neutrons, who worked at both Harwell and RAL; the speaker at the end is Alan Leadbetter, who was Scientific Director of SNS/ISIS from 1982 to 1988.

Watch it here (YouTube).

North America

History of the Neutron Scattering Society of America

History of the Neutron Scattering Society of America

Nobel Lecture of B. N. Brockhouse

Nobel Lecture of B. N. Brockhouse

Nobel Lecture of B. N. Brockhouse

Slow Neutron Spectroscopy and the Grand Atlas of the Physical World

From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1991-1995, Editor Gösta Ekspong, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore (1997) and Rev. Mod. Phys. 67, 735–751 (1995)

Nobel Lecture of C. G. Shull

Nobel Lecture of C. G. Shull

Nobel Lecture of C. G. Shull

Early Development of Neutron Scattering

From Nobel Lectures, Physics 1991-1995, Editor Gösta Ekspong, World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore (1997) and Rev. Mod. Phys. 67, 753–757.

History of Neutron Science at Brookhaven National Laboratory

History of Neutron Science at Brookhaven National Laboratory

History of Neutron Science at Brookhaven National Laboratory

History of Neutron Science at Brookhaven National Laboratory

  • Interviewee: Maurice Goldhaber – video
  • Interviewee: Laurence Passell – video
History of neutrons at ORNL

History of neutrons at ORNL

History of neutrons at ORNL
  • Center for Oak Ridge Oral History
    COROH website
    Video interview – Oral History of Michael K. Wilkinson, Frederick W. Young, and Ralph M. Moon, Interviewed by Stephen H. Stow, Assisted by Marilyn Z. McLaughlin (2003)

Picture: Wollan and Shull using a diffractometer at the Graphite Reactor in 1950. Courtesy of the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, managed for the U.S. Dept. of Energy by UT-Battelle, LLC

World

Discoveries that changed the world: James Chadwick (1891-1974) and Lise Meitner (1878 – 1968)

Discoveries that changed the world: James Chadwick (1891-1974) and Lise Meitner (1878 – 1968)

Discoveries that changed the world: James Chadwick (1891-1974) and Lise Meitner (1878 – 1968)

“Discoveries that changed the world: James Chadwick (1891-1974) and Lise Meitner (1878 – 1968)” links to a YouTube recording of a talk by Gerry Lander at the Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble, France, on 16-Jan-2015 telling the story of the discovery of the neutron in 1932, and then that of fission in 1939 through the lives of Chadwick and Meitner and world events.

To watch the video click here.

The Early History of Neutron Stress Measurements

The Early History of Neutron Stress Measurements

The Early History of Neutron Stress Measurements

The early years of neutron stress measurements are recounted using published documents and input from workers in the field. The circumstances and motivations of the early workers in the field are discussed, and some general conclusions are drawn.

A. Krawitz, Materials Science Forum Vols., 571-572, pp 3-11 (2008)

Fifty years of neutron diffraction: the advent of neutron scattering

Fifty years of neutron diffraction: the advent of neutron scattering

Fifty years of neutron diffraction: the advent of neutron scattering

This book aims to trace the history of neutron scattering from its pioneer days, to give an outline of the achievements in its main fields of application – notably magnetism, chemistry, lattice dynamics and biology – and some account of its present status. Articles are contributed by pioneers who have worked in the subject for more than 40 years. With stories and reminiscences of the early days in fifteen different countries, the book captures something of the flavour and opportunities of neutron scattering and shows the changes in the way of life of neutron experimenters over the past fifty years.

G.E. Bacon (eds.), Hilger with the assistance of the International Union of Crystallography (1987)

On fifty years of the neutron discovery - special issue

On fifty years of the neutron discovery - special issue

On fifty years of the neutron discovery - special issue

Soviet Physics Uspekhi, 25 (1982)

  • I.M. Frank “Fiftieth anniversary of the discovery of the neutron”
  • A.I. Frank “Fundamental properties of the neutron: Fifty years of research”
  • L.B. Pikel’ner, Yu.P. Popov, E.I. Sharapov “High-intensity neutron spectroscopy of nuclei”
  • Yu.M. Ostanevich, I.N. Serdyuk “Neutron-diffraction studies of the structure of biological macromolecules”
  • E.P. Velikhov, V.S. Golubev, S.V. Pashkin “Glow discharge in a gas flow”

The first Neutron Scattering Conferences

proceedings

It is interesting to look back at the early conferences from a historical perspective. Reports of early experiments concerning diffraction usually appeared in Crystallography Conferences, normally sponsored by the IUCr, and constituted a small section of such conferences.

However, for inelastic scattering there are a series of Conferences sponsored and published by the IAEA. The first was in Vienna in 1960 (published in 1961), the second in Chalk River in 1962 (published in 1963), the third in Bombay in 1964 (published in 1965), and the last in Copenhagen (1968).

The first large meeting focusing on all of neutron scattering was held in 1976 at Gatlinburg (TN), USA. This meeting was to celebrate 30 years of neutron scattering and people came from all over the world.
A conference was held in Cambridge, UK, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Chadwick’s discovery of the neutron (Sept. 1982).

Here you can find the links to the conference proceedings.

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